Journal of Surgical Education
Volume 65, Issue 4 , Pages 297-301 , July 2008

Subungual Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Toe: Working Toward a Standardized Therapeutic Approach

  • Kaitlyn J. Kelly, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Metropolitan Hospital Center, New York, New York
  • ,
  • Ameneh D. Kalani, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Metropolitan Hospital Center, New York, New York
  • ,
  • Sarah Storrs, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Metropolitan Hospital Center, New York, New York
  • ,
  • Grace Montenegro, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Metropolitan Hospital Center, New York, New York
  • ,
  • Cathy Fan, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology, St. Vincent's Catholic Medical Centers, New York, New York
  • ,
  • Moon H. Lee, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pathology, St. Vincent's Catholic Medical Centers, New York, New York
  • ,
  • Marc K. Wallack, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Surgery, Metropolitan Hospital Center, New York, New York
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorrespondence: Inquiries to Marc K. Wallack, MD, Department of Surgery, Metropolitan Hospital Center, 1901 First Avenue, New York, NY 10029

References 

  1. Weinstock MA. The epidemic of squamous cell carcinoma. JAMA. 1989;262:2138–2140
  2. Preston DS, Stern RS. Nonmelanoma cancers of the skin. N Engl J Med. 1992;327:1649–1662
  3. Nguyen TH, Ho DQ. Nonmelanoma skin cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol. 2002;3:193–203
  4. Mullen JT, Feng L, Xing Y, et al. Invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the skin: defining a high-risk group. Ann Surg Oncol. 2006;13:902–909
  5. Cherpelis BS, Marcusen C, Lang PG. Prognostic factors for metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Dermatol Surg. 2002;28:268–273
  6. North JH, Spellman JE, Driscoll D, Velez A, Kraybill WG, Petrelli NJ. Advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the trunk and extremity: analysis of prognostic factors. J Surg Oncol. 1997;64:212–217
  7. Rowe DE, Carroll RJ, Day CL. Prognostic factors for local recurrence, metastasis, and survival rates in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, ear, and lip (Implications for treatment modality selection). J Am Acad Dermatol. 1992;26:976–990
  8. Dinehart SM, Chu DZ, Maners AW, Pollack SV. Immunosuppression in patients with metastatic squamous cell carcinoma from the skin. J Dermatol Surg Oncol. 1990;16:271–274
  9. Dinehart SM, Pollack SV. Metastases from squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and lip (An analysis of twenty-seven cases). J Am Acad Dermatol. 1989;21:241–248
  10. Tavin E, Persky M. Metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region. Laryngoscope. 1996;106:156–158
  11. Reschly MJ, Messina JL, Zaulyanov LL, Cruse W, Fenske NA. Utility of sentinel lymphadenectomy in the management of patients with high-risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Dermatol Surg. 2003;29:135–140
  12. Quaedvlieg PJ, Creytens DH, Epping GG, et al. Histopathological characteristics of metastasizing squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and lips. Histopathology. 2006;49:256–264
  13. Weinberg AS, Ogle CA, Shim EK. Metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: an update. Dermatol Surg. 2007;33:885–899
  14. Dinehart SM, Peterson S. Evaluation of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma and proposal of a new staging system. Dermatol Surg. 2005;31:1379–1384
  15. Peterson SR, Layton EG, Joseph AK. Squamous cell carcinoma of the nail unit with evidence of bony involvement: a multidisciplinary approach to resection and reconstruction. Dermatol Surg. 2004;30:218–221
  16. Dalle S, Depape L, Phan A, Balme B, Ronger-Savle S, Thomas L. Squamous cell carcinoma of the nail apparatus: clinicopathological study of 35 cases. Br J Dermatol. 2007;156:871–874
  17. Nasca MR, Innocenzi D, Micali G. Subungual squamous cell carcinoma of the toe: report on three cases. Dermatol Surg. 2004;30:345–348
  18. Huang KC, Hsu RW, Lee KF, Li YY. Late inguinal metastasis of a well-differentiated subungual squamous cell carcinoma after radical toe amputation. Dermatol Surg. 2005;31:784–786
  19. Sass U, Andre J, Stene JJ, Noel JC. Longitudinal melanonychia revealing an intraepidermal carcinoma of the nail apparatus: detection of integrated HPV-16 DNA. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998;39:490–493
  20. Forslund O, Nordin P, Hansson BG. Mucosal human papillomavirus types in squamous cell carcinomas of the uterine cervix and subsequently on fingers. Br J Dermatol. 2000;142:1148–1153
  21. Attiyeh FF, Shah J, Booher RJ, Knapper WH. Subungual squamous cell carcinoma. JAMA. 1979;241:262–263
  22. Lai CS, Lin SD, Tsai CW, Chou CK. Squamous cell carcinoma of the nail bed. Cutis. 1996;57:341–345
  23. Yip KM, Lam SL, Shee BW, Shun CT, Yang RS. Subungual squamous cell carcinoma: report of 2 cases. J Formos Med Assoc. 2000;99:646–649
  24. Zaiac MN, Weiss E. Mohs micrographic surgery of the nail unit and squamous cell carcinoma. Dermatol Surg. 2001;27:246–251
  25. Fleckman P, Allan C. Surgical anatomy of the nail unit. Dermatol Surg. 2001;7:257–260
  26. Zabawski EJ, Sands B, Goetz D, Naylor M, Cockerell CJ. Treatment of verruca vulgaris with topical cidofovir. JAMA. 1997;278:1236
  27. Eastman AL, Erdman WA, Lindberg GM, Hunt JL, Purdue GF, Fleming JB. Sentinel lymph node biopsy identifies occult nodal metastases in patients with Marjolin's ulcer. J Burn Care Rehabil. 2004;25:241–245
  28. Ross AS, Schmults CD. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review of the English literature. Dermatol Surg. 2006;32:1309–1321
  29. Renzi C, Caggiati A, Mannooranparampil TJ, et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy for high risk cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: case series and review of the literature. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2007;33:364–369
  30. Netterville JL, Sinard RJ, Bryant GL, Burkey BB. Delayed regional metastasis from midfacial squamous carcinomas. Head Neck. 1998;20:328–333
  31. Talmi YP, Horowitz Z, Wolf M, Kronenberg J. Delayed metastases in skin cancer of the head and neck: the case of the “known primary.”. Ann Plast Surg. 1999;42:289–292
  32. Durkovsky J, Krajci M, Michalikova B. To the problem of the lip cancer metastases. Neoplasma. 1972;19:653–659
  33. Cecchi R, Buralli L, De Gaudioc C. Sentinel lymphonodectomy in non-melanoma skin cancers. Chir Ital. 2006;58:347–351
  34. Morton DL, Thompson JF, Cochran AJ, et al. Sentinel-node biopsy or nodal observation in melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:1307–1317
  35. Cohen T, Busam KJ, Patel A, Brady MS. Subungual melanoma: management considerations. Am J Surg. 2008;195:244–248

PII: S1931-7204(08)00144-X

doi: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2008.05.013

Journal of Surgical Education
Volume 65, Issue 4 , Pages 297-301 , July 2008